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Work
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Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Old English weorc, worc; akin to Old Frisian werk, wirk, Old Saxon, Dutch werk, German Werk, Old High German werc, werah, Icelandic & Swedish verk, Danish værk, Gothic gawaúrki, Ancient Greek ἔργον (“‘work’”), Avestan verez (to work), Armenian գործ (gorç), “‘work’”). Cognates include: bulwark, energy, erg, georgic, liturgy, metallurgy, organ, surgeon, wright.
Noun
work (countable and uncountable; plural works)
- (uncountable) Labour, employment, occupation, job.
- My work involves a lot of travel.
- (uncountable) The place where one is employed.
- He hasn’t come home yet, he’s still at work.
- (uncountable) Effort expended on a particular task.
- Holding a brick over your head is hard work.
- It takes a lot of work to write a dictionary.
- (uncountable, physics) A measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force*distance. No work is done if the object does not move.
- Work is done against friction to drag a bag along the ground.
- (uncountable, thermodynamics) A nonthermal First Law energy in transit between one form or repository and another. Also, a means of accomplishing such transit.[1].
- (countable) A literary, artistic, or intellectual production.
- It is a work of art.
- (countable) A fortification.
- William the Conqueror fortified many castles, throwing up new ramparts, bastions and all manner of works.
- (uncountable, slang, professional wrestling) The staging of events to appear as real.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Terms derived from the noun "work"
Translations
labour, employment, occupation, job
- Afrikaans: werk af(af)
- Arabic: عَمَل ar(ar) (3amal) m.
- Egyptian Arabic: شغل (shughl) m.
- Armenian: աշխատանք hy(hy) (ašxatank’), գործ hy(hy) (gorç)
- Burmese: လုပ်အား my(my), အလုပ် my(my)
- Chechen: болх
- Chinese: 工作 (gōngzuò)
- Croatian: posao hr(hr) m.
- Czech: práce cs(cs) f., zaměstnání cs(cs) n.
- Danish: arbejde da(da) n.
- Dutch: werk nl(nl) n., job nl(nl) f.
- Esperanto: laboro eo(eo)
- Ewe: dɔwɔwɔ
- Finnish: työ fi(fi)
- Galician: traballo gl(gl) m.
- Greek: έργο el(el) n. sg., εργασία el(el) f. sg., δουλειά el(el) f. sg.
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f., מלאכה (he) (melakhá) f.
- Hindi: काम (kām) m.
- Hungarian: munka hu(hu)
- Icelandic: vinna is(is)
- Irish: obair ga(ga) f.
- Italian: lavoro it(it) m., impiego it(it) m.
- Japanese: 仕事 (しごと, shigoto), 職業 (しょくぎょう, shokugyō)
- Kamba: wia
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effort expended on a particular task
- Afrikaans: werk af(af)
- Armenian: աշխատանք hy(hy) (ašxatank’)
- Chinese: 工作 (gōngzuò)
- Czech: práce cs(cs) f.
- Danish: arbejde da(da) n.
- Dutch: werk nl(nl) n., arbeid nl(nl) m.
- Ewe: dɔwɔwɔ
- Finnish: työ fi(fi)
- French: travail fr(fr) m.
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f.
- Irish: obair ga(ga) f.
- Italian: lavoro it(it)
- Japanese: 労力 (ろうりょく, rōryoku), 労働 (ろうどう, rōdō)
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measure of energy expended in moving an object
- Afrikaans: werk af(af)
- Armenian: աշխատանք hy(hy) (ašxatank’)
- Croatian: rad hr(hr) m.
- Czech: práce cs(cs) f.
- Danish: arbejde da(da) n.
- Dutch: arbeid nl(nl) m.
- Finnish: työ fi(fi)
- Greek: έργο el(el) n. sg.
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f.
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- Italian: lavoro it(it)
- Japanese: 仕事 (しごと, shigoto)
- Russian: работа ru(ru) (rabóta) f.
- Slovene: delo sl(sl) n.
- Swahili: kazi sw(sw)
- Swedish: arbete sv(sv) n.
- Turkish: iş tr(tr)
- West Frisian: wurk
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nonthermal First Law energy in transit between one form or repository and another
- Armenian: աշխատանք hy(hy) (ašxatank’)
- Croatian: rad hr(hr) m.
- Finnish: työ fi(fi)
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- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f.
- Russian: работа ru(ru) (rabóta) f.
- West Frisian: wurk
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literary, artistic, or intellectual production
- Armenian: աշխատանք hy(hy) (ašxatank’), գործ hy(hy) (gorç)
- Croatian: rad hr(hr) m., djelo hr(hr) n.
- Czech: dílo n., (a master work, craftsmanship) mistrovská práce f.
- Danish: værk n.
- Dutch: werk nl(nl) n., werkstuk nl(nl) n.
- Estonian: teos et(et)
- Finnish: teos fi(fi)
- French: travail fr(fr) m.
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f., מלאכה (he) (melakhá) f.
- Italian: lavoro it(it), opera it(it)
- Japanese: 作品 (さくひん, sakuhin), 著作 (ちょさく, chosaku)
- Korean: 작품 (jakpum)
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- Latin: opus la(la)
- Malay: karya ms(ms)
- Polish: dzieło pl(pl) n.
- Russian: работа ru(ru) (rabóta) f., труд ru(ru) (trud) m., произведение ru(ru) (proizvedénije) n.
- Scots: wark
- Slovene: delo sl(sl) n.
- Spanish: obra es(es) f.
- Swahili: kazi sw(sw)
- Swedish: verk sv(sv) n.
- Telugu: మేధాశక్తి te(te)(mEdhASakti)
- Turkish: eser tr(tr), yapıt tr(tr)
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place where one is employed
- Armenian: աշխատանք hy(hy) (ašxatank’), գործ hy(hy) (gorç)
- Chinese: 工作 (gōngzuò)
- Croatian: posao hr(hr) m.
- Czech: zaměstnání cs(cs) n., práce cs(cs) f.
- Danish: arbejde n., arbejdsplads c.
- Dutch: werk nl(nl) n., arbeidsplaats nl(nl) f.
- Ewe: dɔwɔƒe
- Finnish: työ fi(fi), työpaikka fi(fi)
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f.
- Japanese: 仕事場 (shigoto-ba)
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fortification
- Czech: dílo cs(cs) n.
- Danish: værk n., forsvarsværk n.
- Finnish: varustus fi(fi)
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f.
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- Russian: укрепление ru(ru) (ukreplénije) n.
- Scots: wark
- Spanish: obras es(es) f. pl.
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
- Albanian: punë
- Arabic: عمل (ʕámal) m.
- Basque: lan
- Breton: labour m., labourioù pl. (1), oberenn f., oberennoù pl. (3)
- Bulgarian: работа (rabota) f.
- Catalan: treball m.
- Franco-Provençal: ôvra f., besogne f.
- French: travail m.
- German: Arbeit f. (1,2,3,6,7), Werk n. (4,5)
- Ancient Greek: ἔργον (ergon) n. (1,2,5,7,8)
- Hindi: काम (kām), कार्य (kārya), कर्म (karma)
- Ido: laboro, laborajo (1), verko (4).
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- Kurdish: kar m., îş m., ked f., şol m., şuxl m., xebat f., çalakî f., wezîfe f., erk m., vatinî f.
- Marathi: काम (kām), कार्य (kārya), कर्म (karma)
- Persian: کار (kār)
- Portuguese: trabalho m.
- Romanian: muncă f., treabă f., operă f., lucrare f.
- Romansch: lavur f.,
- Scottish Gaelic: obair
- Slovak: robota f.
- Swahili: kazi (noun 9/10) (1,2)
- Telugu: పని te(te) (pani) (1, 2), ఉద్యొగము te(te) (udyogamu) (1), శ్రమ te(te) (srama) (2)
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References
- ^ See http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0004055
Etymology 2
Old English wyrċan, cognate with Old Frisian werka, wirka, Old Saxon wirkian (Dutch werken), Old High German wurken (German wirken), Old Norse yrkja (Swedish yrka), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽.
Verb
to work (third-person singular simple present works, present participle working, simple past and past participle worked or rarely wrought)
- (intransitive) To do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers.
- He’s working in a bar.
- Followed by in. Said of one's workplace (building), or one's department, or one's trade (sphere of business).
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- I work in a national park.
- She works in the human resources department.
- He mostly works in logging, but sometimes works in carpentry.
- Followed by as. Said of one's job title
- Followed by for. Said of a company or individual who employs.
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- She works for Microsoft.
- He works for the president.
- Followed by with. General use, said of either fellow employees or instruments or clients.
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- I work closely with my Canadian counterparts.
- I work with computers.
- I work with the homeless people from the suburbs.
- (transitive) To effect by gradual degrees.
- He worked his way through the crowd.
- The dye worked its way through.
- (transitive) To embroider with thread.
- (transitive) To set into action.
- He worked the levers.
- (transitive) (Zymurgy) To cause to ferment.
- (transitive) To exhaust, by working.
- the mine was worked until the last scrap of ore had been extracted.
- (transitive) To shape, form, or improve a material.
- He used pliers to work the wire into shape.
- (transitive) To operate in a certain place, area, or speciality.
- She works the night clubs.
- The salesman works the Midwest.
- This artist works mostly in acrylics.
- (transitive) To operate in or through; as, to work the phones.
- (transitive) To provoke or excite; to influence.
- The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy.
- (transitive) To use or manipulate to one’s advantage.
- She knows how to work the system.
- (transitive) To cause to happen or to occur as a consequence.
- I cannot work a miracle.
- (transitive) To cause to work.
- He is working his servants hard.
- (intransitive) To function correctly; to act as intended; to achieve the goal designed for.
- He pointed at the car and asked, "Does it work"?
- He looked at the bottle of pain pills, wondering if they would work.
- My plan didn’t work.
- (intransitive) (figuratively) To influence.
- They worked on her to join the group.
- (intransitive) To effect by gradual degrees; as, to work into the earth.
- (intransitive) To move in an agitated manner.
- His fingers worked with tension.
- (intransitive) To behave in a certain way when handled;
- This dough does not work easily.
- The soft metal works well.
Derived terms
phrasal verbs derived from
work (verb)
other terms derived from the
work (verb)
Translations
to do a specific task
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- Korean: 일하다 ko(ko) (irhada)
- Persian: کار کردن fa(fa) (kâr kardan)
- Polish: pracować pl(pl)
- Portuguese: trabalhar pt(pt)
- Russian: работать ru(ru) (rabótat’), трудиться ru(ru) (trudít'sja), делать ru(ru) (délat’)
- Scots: wirk
- Scottish Gaelic: obraich
- Sicilian: travagghiari scn(scn)
- Slovak: pracovať sk(sk)
- Slovene: delati sl(sl)
- Sotho: sebetsa st(st)
- Spanish: trabajar es(es)
- Swedish: jobba sv(sv), arbeta sv(sv) (as part of an employment)
- Thai: ทำงาน th(th) (tam ngaan)
- Turkish: çalışmak tr(tr)
- Ukrainian: працювати uk(uk) (pracjuváty), трудитися uk(uk) (trudýtysja), робити uk(uk) (robýty)
- Vietnamese: làm việc vi(vi)
- West Frisian: wurkje fy(fy)
- !Xóõ: ǀgãã
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effect by gradual degrees (
transitive)
- Danish: bane sig vej, arbejde sig
- Finnish: tunkeutua fi(fi), hivuttaa fi(fi)
- Hebrew: עשה he(he) (`asáh)
- Polish: przedzierać się
- Russian: пробираться (probirát's'a) (impf.), пробраться (probrát's'a) (pf.) through a crowd, просачиваться (prosáčivat's'a) (impf.), просочиться (prosočít's'a) (pf.) about a liquid
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embroider with thread
- Danish: brodere
- Polish: wyszywać
- Russian: вышивать (vyšivát’) (impf.), вышить (výšit') (pf.)
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- Spanish: bordar es(es)
- Turkish: işlemek tr(tr)
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set into action
- Danish: betjene, anvende
- Finnish: käyttää fi(fi)
- French: actionner fr(fr)
- Hebrew: הפעיל he(he) (hif`íl)
- Japanese: 働かせる (hatarakaseru)
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- Polish: wprowadzić pl(pl)
- Russian: приводить в действие (privodít’ v déjstvije)
- Scots: wirk
- Spanish: hacer funcionar; operar
- Turkish: çalıştırmak tr(tr)
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cause to ferment
exhaust
- Danish: udnytte
- Finnish: käyttää loppuun
- Polish: zużuwać
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- Russian: вырабатывать (vyrabátyvat') (impf.), выработать (výrabotat') (pf.)
- Scots: wirk
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shape, form, or improve a material
operate in a certain place, area, or specialty.
- Danish: drive (e.g. a bar), arbejde (e.g. artist's use of material)
- Finnish: työskennellä fi(fi)
- Russian: работать (rabótat’), трудиться (trudít's'a)
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to operate in or through
provoke or excite
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- Russian: вызывать (vyzyvát’), возбуждать (vozbuždát’) (impf.), возбудить (vozbudít') (pf.)
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use or manipulate
- Danish: udnytte
- Finnish: käyttää fi(fi), ohjata fi(fi)
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cause to happen
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- Japanese: 起こす ja(ja) (okosu)
- Russian: вызывать (vyzyvát’) (impf.), вызвать (výzvat') (pf.)
- Spanish: producir es(es), motivar es(es)
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cause to work
- Danish: sætte i arbejde, få til at arbejde
- Finnish: teettää, teettää työtä
- Hebrew: העביד he(he) (he`evíd)
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- Japanese: 働かせる (hatarakaseru)
- Swedish: driva sv(sv)
- Turkish: çalıştırmak tr(tr)
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function correctly
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- Hebrew: עבד he(he) (`avád)
- Portuguese: funcionar pt(pt)
- Russian: работать (rabótat’)
- Scots: wirk
- Serbian:
- Cyrillic: радити, функционисати
- Roman: raditi, funcionisati
- Spanish: funcionar, marchar, ser eficaz (of medicine)
- Swedish: fungera sv(sv), gå sv(sv) (of machinery, or abstractly)
- Turkish: çalışmak tr(tr), iş görmek tr(tr), işe yaramak tr(tr)
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influence
- Danish: bearbejde
- Finnish: vaikuttaa fi(fi)
- Japanese: 働きかける (hataraki-kakeru)
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effect by gradual degrees (
intransitive)
move in an agitated manner.
behave in a certain way when handled.
- Danish: virke da(da), fungere da(da)
- Finnish: muokkautua
- Russian: работать (rabótat’)
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
