A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. About 350,000 species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies, are estimated to exist currently. As of 2004, some 287,655 species had been and other forms of nature Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical world or material world. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. It ranges in scale from the subatomic to the cosmic. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form is known as a residential garden Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise. Most professional garden designers are trained in principles of design and in horticulture, and have an. Western gardens are almost universally based around plants. Zoos The term zoological garden refers to zoology, the study of animals, a term deriving from the Greek zωο and λóγος (lógos – "study"). The abbreviation "zoo" was first used of the London Zoological Gardens, which opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1847, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological gardens.[1][2]
See traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, use plants such as parsley. Xeriscape gardens use local native plants that do not require irrigation or extensive use of other resources while still providing the benefits of a garden environment. Gardens may exhibit structural enhancements, sometimes called follies In architecture, a folly is a building constructed strictly as a decoration, having none of the usual purposes of housing or sheltering associated with a conventional structure. In the 18th century English garden and French landscape garden, they often represented Roman temples, and symbolized classical virtues or ideals. Other 18th century garden, including water features In landscape architecture and garden design, a water feature is any of a full range of fountains, pools, ponds, cascades, waterfalls, and streams. Prior to the eighteenth century they were usually powered by gravity, though the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon are believed to have been supplied by an Archimedean screw. Other examples were such as fountains Fountains were originally purely functional, used to provide drinking water in cities or irrigation in gardens, but in ancient Rome and Persia they began to be used as decorative elements in gardens and courtyards. The art of fountains reached its peak in the fountains of the palaces of Moorish Spain in the 14th century; in the Italian Renaissance, ponds (with or without fish), waterfalls or creeks, dry creek beds, statuary, arbors, trellises and more.
Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while some gardens also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes intermixed with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms A farm is an area of land, including various structures, devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food , fibers and, increasingly, fuel. It is the basic production facility in food production. Farms may be owned and operated by a single individual, family, community, corporation or a company. A farm can be a holding of any size by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale).
Gardening Gardening is the practice of growing ornamental or useful plants. Ornamental plants are normally grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance. Useful plants may be grown for consumption or for a variety of other purposes, such as medicines or dyes is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional gardener Gardening is the practice of growing ornamental or useful plants. Ornamental plants are normally grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance. Useful plants may be grown for consumption or for a variety of other purposes, such as medicines or dyes. A gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other public space A public space refers to an area or place that is open and accessible to all citizens, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age or socio-economic level. One of the earliest examples of public spaces are commons. For example, no fees or paid tickets are required for entry, nor are the entrants discriminated based on background. Non-government-. Landscape architecture Landscape architecture is the most modern of the environment professions and represents a synthesis of arts, science, and technical philosophies and practices that seek to care for the Earth's landscapes in a truly holistic, creative and sustainable manner. It involves the investigation and designed response to the landscape. The scope of the is a related professional activity with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public and corporate clients.
The term "garden" in British English British English, or UK English , is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere. There is confusion whether the term refers to English as spoken in the British Isles or to English as spoken in Great Britain, though in the case of Ireland, there are further distinctions refers to an enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building.[3] This would be referred to as a yard A number of derived words exist, usually tied to a particular usage or building type. Some are now archaic. Examples of such words are: courtyard, farmyard, churchyard and stableyard in American English American English , also known as United States English or U.S. English, is a set of dialects of the English language used mostly in the United States. Approximately two thirds of native speakers of English live in the United States. Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, and fragrances to create interest and delight the senses.
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Garden design
Main article: Garden design Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise. Most professional garden designers are trained in principles of design and in horticulture, and have an Flower gardenGarden design is the creation of plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals. Most professional garden designers are trained in principles of design and in horticulture, and have an expert knowledge and experience of using plants. Some professional garden designers are also landscape architects A landscape architect is a person involved in the planning, design and sometimes oversight of an exterior landscape or space. Their professional practice is known as landscape architecture, a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree and often a state license. Elements of garden design include the layout of hard landscape, such as paths, rockeries, walls, water features, sitting areas and decking, as well as the plants themselves, with consideration for their horticultural Horticulture is the industry and science of plant cultivation. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, and plant physiology. The work particularly involves fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, requirements, their season-to-season appearance, lifespan, growth habit Habit, when used in the context of biology, refers to the instinctive actions of animals and the natural tendencies of plants, size, speed of growth, and combinations with other plants and landscape features. Consideration is also given to the maintenance needs of the garden, including the time or funds available for regular maintenance, which can affect the choices of plants regarding speed of growth, spreading or self-seeding of the plants, whether annual An annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers, and dies in one year. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed. Some seedless plants can also be considered annuals even though they do not grow a flower or perennial A perennial plant or perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years. When used by gardeners or horticulturalists, this term applies specifically to perennial herbaceous plants. Scientifically, woody plants like shrubs and trees are also perennial in their habit, and bloom-time, and many other characteristics.
The most important consideration in garden design is how the garden will be used, followed closely by the desired stylistic genres, and the way the garden space will connect to the home or other structures in the surrounding areas. All of these considerations are subject to the limitations of the budget. Budget limitations can be addressed by a simpler garden style with fewer plants and less costly hardscape materials, seeds rather than sod for lawns, and plants that grow quickly; alternately, garden owners may choose to create their garden over time, area by area.
Elements of a garden
The elements of a garden consist of the following:
Natural conditions and materials:
- Soil As defined by J.S. Joffe in 1949, Soil is a natural body consisting of layers of mineral constituents of variable thicknesses, which differ from the parent materials in their morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics. In engineering, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material. Soil differs from its parent
- Rocks In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids
- Light Light is electromagnetic radiation, particularly radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the human eye , or perhaps 380–750 nm. In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not conditions
- Wind Wind is the flow of air or other gases that compose an atmosphere . On Earth and within other planetary atmospheres, wind consists of air molecules in motion. In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases or charged particles from the sun through space, while planetary wind is the outgassing of light chemical elements from a planet's
- Precipitation Rain is liquid precipitation. On Earth, it is the condensation of atmospheric water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall, often making it to the surface. Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation
- Air The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by the Earth's gravity. It has a mass of about five quadrillion metric tons. Dry air contains roughly (by volume) 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water quality
- Pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms . Pollution can take the form of chemical substances, or energy, such as noise, heat, or light energy. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or
- Proximity to ocean An ocean (from Greek Ωκεανός, Okeanos ) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 74% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than (salinity)
- Plant materials
Man-made elements:
- Terrace, patio, deck
- Paths
- Lighting Lighting or illumination is the deliberate application of light to achieve some aesthetic or practical effect. Lighting includes use of both artificial light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from daylight. Daylighting is often used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings given its low cost. Artificial
- Raised beds
- Outdoor art Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music and literature. The meaning of art is explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics/sculpture Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard and/or plastic material, sound, and/or text and or light, commonly stone , metal, glass, or wood. Some sculptures are created directly by finding or carving; others are assembled, built together and fired, welded, molded, or cast. Sculptures are often painted . A person, such as Gazebos A gazebo is a pavilion structure, often octagonal, commonly found in parks, gardens, and spacious public areas. Gazebos are freestanding, or attached to a garden wall, roofed, and open on all sides; they provide shade, basic shelter, ornamental features in a landscape, and a place to rest. Some gazebos in public parks are large enough to serve as and Pergolas A pergola is a garden feature forming a shaded walk or passageway of pillars that support cross beams and a sturdy open lattice, upon which woody vines are trained. As a type of gazebo, it may also be an extension of a building, as protection for an open terrace or a link between pavilions. The origin of the word is the Late Latin pergula,
- Pool, water garden Water gardens, also known as aquatic gardens, backyard ponds and garden ponds, have become popular in recent years. They have also been famous in Chinese and European history, or other water elements such as drainage system.
Uses for the garden space
A garden can have aesthetic, functional, and recreational uses:
- Cooperation with nature
- Plant Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. About 350,000 species of plants, defined as seed plants, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies, are estimated to exist currently. As of 2004, some 287,655 species had been cultivation In agriculture, cultivation is the process of growing vigorous plants on arable land. It is usually associated with large-scale agriculture, as opposed to small-scale gardening. Cultivation requires fertile soil, water (from irrigation or precipitation), and seeds. Cultivation usually begins with sowing of the seeds in the appropriate season. In
- Observation of nature
- Bird Birds are winged, bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), vertebrate animals that lay eggs. There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) Ostrich- and insect Insects are arthropods, having a hard exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet and include approximately 2,200 species of praying mantis, 5,000 dragonfly, 20,000 grasshopper, 82,000 true bug, 120,000 fly, 110,000-watching
- Reflection on the changing seasons Seasons result from the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of revolution. In temperate and polar regions, the seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, variations of which may cause animals to go into hibernation or to migrate, and
- Relaxation
- Family dinners on the terrace
- Children playing in the yard
- Reading and relaxing in the hammock The hammock is a fabric sling used for sleeping or resting while suspended above ground. It normally consists of one or more cloth panels, or a woven network of twine or thin rope stretched with ropes between two firm points such as trees or posts. Hammocks were developed by native inhabitants of tropical regions for sleeping. Later, they were
- Maintaining the flowerbeds
- Pottering in the shed A shed is typically a simple, single-story structure in a back garden or on an allotment that is used for storage, hobbies, or as a workshop. The modern Oxford English Dictionary defines sheds as a "slight structure built for shelter or storage, or for use as a workshop, either a separate building or attached to a permanent building as a lean-
- Basking in warm sunshine The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. The Earth and other matter orbit the Sun, which by itself accounts for about 99.86% of the Solar System's mass. The mean distance of the Sun from the Earth is approximately 149,598,000 kilometres (92,956,000 mi), and its light travels this distance in 8 minutes and 19 seconds. But it varies
- Escaping oppressive sunlight and heat
- Growing useful produce
- Flowers to cut and bring inside for indoor beauty
- Fresh herbs and vegetables for cooking
Types of gardens
The Sunken Garden of Butchart Gardens The Butchart Gardens is a group of floral display gardens in Brentwood Bay, British Columbia, Canada, near Victoria on Vancouver Island which claims to receive more than a million visitors each year, Victoria, British Columbia Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia, Canada. Located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island, Victoria is a major tourism destination seeing more than 3.65 million visitors a year who inject more than one billion dollars into the local economy. Victoria is a cruise ship port where cruise liners stop at Ogden Point terminal. The city Checkered garden in Tours Tours is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department, France France (pronounced /ˈfræns/ or /ˈfrɑːns/; French: [fʁɑ̃s]), officially the French Republic (French: République française, pronounced: [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the Zen garden, Ryōan-ji Ryōan-ji is a Zen temple located in northwest Kyoto, Japan. Belonging to the Myoshin-ji school of the Rinzai branch of Zen Buddhism, the temple is one of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, a UNESCO World Heritage Site French formal garden in the Loire Valley Loire Valley is known as the Garden of France and the Cradle of the French Language. It is also noteworthy for the quality of its architectural heritage, in its historic towns such as Amboise, Angers, Blois, Chinon, Nantes, Orléans, Saumur, and Tours, but in particular for its world-famous castles, such as the Châteaux d'Amboise, Château de Bristol Zoo Bristol Zoo is a zoo in the city of Bristol in South West England. The zoo's stated mission is "Bristol Zoo Gardens maintains and defends biodiversity through breeding endangered species, conserving threatened species and habitats and promoting a wider understanding of the natural world", England Castelo Branco, Portugal Renaissance garden in Pieskowa Skała, PolandGardens may feature a particular plant or plant type(s);
- Back garden
- Bog Garden
- Cactus garden
- Fernery
- Flower garden
- Front garden
- Herb garden
- Orangery
- Orchard
- Potager
- Rose garden
- Vegetable garden
- Vineyard
- White garden
- Wildflower garden
- Winter garden
Gardens may feature a particular style or aesthetic:
- Alpine or rock garden
- Bonsai or miniature garden
- Children's Garden
- Chinese garden
- Dutch garden
- English landscape garden
- French formal garden
- Italian garden
- Japanese garden
- Knot garden
- Mughal garden
- Native garden
- Persian garden
- Roman gardens
- Terrarium
- Trial garden
- Tropical garden
- Water garden
- Wild garden
- Xeriscaping
- Zen garden
Types of garden:
- Botanical garden
- Butterfly Garden
- Butterfly zoo
- Cold Frame Garden
- Community garden
- Container garden
- Cottage garden
- Cutting garden
- Garden conservatory
- Greenhouse
- Green wall
- Forest garden
- Hanging garden
- Hydroponic garden
- Rain garden
- Raised bed gardening
- Residential garden
- Roof garden
- Sacred garden
- Sensory garden
- Square foot garden
- Vertical garden
- Walled garden
- Windowbox
- Zoological garden
Watering gardens
See rainwater, sprinkler system, drip irrigation, tap water, greywater and hand pump.
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History of gardening
Further information: History of gardeningGardens in literature
- The Garden of Eden
- Romance of the Rose
- Nathaniel Hawthorne's short-story "Rappaccini's Daughter"
- Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden
- Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera La finta giardiniera
- John Steinbeck's short-story "The Chrysanthemums"
- Ernest Hemingway's The Gardener
Other similar spaces
Other outdoor spaces that are similar to gardens include:
- A landscape is an outdoor space of a larger scale, natural or designed, usually unenclosed and considered from a distance.
- A park is a planned outdoor space, usually enclosed ('imparked') and of a larger size. Public parks are for public use.
- An arboretum is a planned outdoor space, usually large, for the display and study of trees.
- A farm or orchard is for the production of food stuff.
- A botanical garden is a type of garden where plants are grown both for scientific purposes and for the enjoyment and education of visitors.
- A zoological garden, or zoo for short, is a place where wild animals are cared for and exhibited to the public.
See also
| Gardening portal |
- Bottle garden
- Garden centre
- Garden tourism
- History of gardening
- List of botanical gardens
- List of companion plants
- List of gardens
- List of public gardens
- Museum of Garden History
- Water garden
Notes
- ^ Garden history : philosophy and design, 2000 BC--2000 AD, Tom Turner. New York: Spon Press, 2005. ISBN 0415317487
- ^ The earth knows my name : food, culture, and sustainability in the gardens of ethnic Americans, Patricia Klindienst. Boston: Beacon Press, c2006. ISBN 0807085626
- ^ The Compact Oxford English Dictionary
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Garden |
| Wikibooks' A Wikimanual of Gardening has more about this subject: gardening |
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Kingston Reporter
With the June rains gone, Kingston Garden Club members have been busily maintaining several Adopt-A-Spaces, keeping the police station and post office ...
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right after the Hilo Hawaiian hotel Queen Liliuokalani Japanese Gardens will be on your left and the Coconut Island parking lot will be on your right Akaka Falls | Waipio Valley |
cindydyer
hu, 02 Jul 2009 23:00:22 GM
Possibly related posts: (automatically generated). Who Wants to Make a . Garden. Grow? Tuesday sky. Actions. rss Comments RSS. Information. Date : July 2, 2009; Tags: coneflower, Daylily, flowers, . garden. , gardening, Green Spring . Gardens. , ...
Q. My fiance and I always buy passes to go to Busch Gardens in the summer, but this summer will be the first that we have a dog. We don't want to leave her all day at our house because she would be inside for 12+ hours (not okay). Is the kennel facility at Busch Gardens Williamsburg sanitary/not too hot/safe for a dog to be in for a day?
Asked by drinkingthesea - Fri Mar 14 00:39:46 2008 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments
A. I have never used it, so I don't know if its sanitary, but I do recall hearing about them losing someones dog once. It ran off when they took it outside to pee and it ended up getting hit by a car. But I am guessing that was an isolated incident, because they wouldn't still be operating if stuff like that happened alot..
Answered by ChynaRush - Sat Mar 15 01:31:38 2008
